With the rapid development of automation, machine vision has become an essential part of modern manufacturing. Traditional 2D positioning systems are limited in their ability to capture spatial coordinate information, making it difficult to accurately locate objects in three-dimensional space. In contrast, 3D binocular stereo vision offers a more precise and reliable solution for determining the spatial position of objects. This is especially crucial in industries like automotive manufacturing, where robots are used to handle complex components such as car rear floors.
One major challenge in this process is that the plane coordinates (XYR) and the spatial coordinates (ZWP) of each backplane differ significantly. The robot’s gripper must align and insert two sharp points into specific holes on the backplate, which requires high-precision positioning. To address this issue, Huiyan Automation Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd. developed a specialized 3D binocular vision system. This system uses two industrial cameras to calculate the full six degrees of freedom (XYZWPR) of the backplane, enabling accurate communication with the robot and successfully solving the customer's handling problem.
The 3D binocular stereo vision system is installed by mounting the industrial cameras and light sources on either side of the robot’s flange. This setup allows for accurate image capture and depth calculation. The system works through a series of key steps: first, a calibration plate is used to establish the relationship between the camera, image, and robot coordinate systems. Then, images of the rear floor are captured from three different positions, and feature matching is performed using the parallax principle to calculate the XYZ coordinates of each feature point. After that, the system computes the full spatial coordinates (XYZWPR) of the backplane. Finally, these coordinates are transmitted to the robot via TCP/IP, allowing for precise and automated handling.
This technology gives robots a "pair of eyes," enabling them to perform tasks that were previously impossible with 2D vision systems. It significantly improves production efficiency, reduces manual labor, and enhances overall accuracy. The 3D binocular stereo vision system has broad applications in areas such as part identification, palletizing, and assembly. As industrial robots become more widely adopted, the demand for advanced vision systems like this will only continue to grow, offering exciting opportunities for future development and innovation.
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