Do Fish Also Need to Choose the Right Lighting? It's Very Knowledgeable!
Release date: 2018-02-01 Source: Zhongzhao.com Share: 
Fish species such as groupers, scorpions, and others are commonly bred in aquaculture facilities. When setting up a water circulation or industrial breeding workshop, lighting plays a crucial role. Light not only affects the feeding and reproduction of fish but also influences their endocrine system. Therefore, proper lighting planning is essential for successful fish farming.
Each fish has its own visual and physiological structure shaped by its natural environment, including water depth, dissolved oxygen levels, and food availability. This means there’s no one-size-fits-all approach to lighting. Aquaculturists often face questions like: How should the lighting be planned? What kind of light is most beneficial? And what scientific principles should guide these decisions?
1 The Status of Lighting in the Breeding Workshop
Most workshops still use traditional fluorescent tubes, which have limited color options, are not waterproof, and cannot be controlled smartly. Additionally, they contain mercury, which poses environmental risks. In contrast, LED lights offer precise spectrum control, higher safety, energy efficiency, longer lifespan, and smart controllability. These advantages make LEDs increasingly popular in modern aquaculture.
The next question is: What color, power, and type of LED should be used? To answer this, it's important to understand the fish's eye structure and how light behaves underwater. Based on this knowledge, you can develop an effective lighting plan.
2 Fish Eye Visual Physiology
Over millions of years, aquatic animals have adapted to their natural underwater light environments. Aquaculture companies must design artificial lighting that aligns with the fish's visual structure and the natural light conditions of their habitat.
Fish eyes are similar to those of higher vertebrates, with an absorption spectrum ranging from 430-620 nm. However, due to their aquatic lifestyle, they have unique characteristics. The fish eye contains cone cells, which function in bright light and allow color and detail perception, and rod cells, which work in low light and provide high sensitivity without color discrimination.
3 Rules for Changing Light in Water
Light behaves differently in water. The penetration of red and orange light is much lower than that of blue and green light. Red light may only reach about 10 meters in clear water, while blue light can penetrate up to nearly 100 meters. The intensity of sunlight entering the water depends on water clarity, and light diminishes exponentially through absorption, refraction, and scattering.
4 General Rules for Workshop Lighting Planning
Although each fish species has a different visual system, general guidelines for lighting in breeding workshops can be established based on the above analysis.
1. Fish eyes are similar to those of higher vertebrates, so constant light or complete darkness can be stressful for their growth and development.
2. Most fish retinas are sensitive to the light peaks of the surrounding water. Deep-water fish prefer blue-green light, while near-shore and freshwater fish absorb more red-orange light.
3. The salinity of the spawning area significantly affects the visual pigments of fish. Migratory fish in spawning areas typically have absorption spectra between 430nm-562nm (short-wavelength) and 570-620nm (long-wavelength).
4. Photoperiod plays a key role in regulating gonad development in fish. This is a cost-effective and simple method that doesn't require additional investment.
5. Broodstock, fry, and adult fish have different lighting needs.
6. The light environment is just one factor among many, and it should be considered alongside temperature, dissolved oxygen, and other factors.
5 LED Lamp Selection
After reviewing professional materials, you can contact an LED manufacturer. Here are some key points to consider when ordering:
1. Ensure compliance with national, industry, or local standards for lighting equipment and energy efficiency regulations.
2. Use lamps with high luminous power. For example, high-power white LED lamps now exceed 100Lm/W.
3. Common types of aquatic LED lamps include bulb lamps, tube lamps, mining lamps, and floodlights. Smaller ones like bulbs and tube lamps are suitable for low ceilings, while larger ones like mining lamps and floodlights are better for high ceilings. The lamp type should also consider the light distribution curve and pond geometry.
4. The lamp life should be over 30,000 hours. Choose a protection level of at least IP65 and a corrosion resistance level of WF2.
5. Bulbs and T8 tube lamps are generally more affordable due to mass production. If using these, ensure the bulb is sealed and waterproof, and the T8 tube should be sealed or have a clear PC three-proof cover.
6. White LED light is usually created by combining InGaN blue chips with phosphor. Lamps with low color temperature or high color rendering do not replicate the natural solar spectrum.
7. For intelligent lighting systems, if the workshop lighting is concentrated, RS485 cables are recommended. For scattered lighting, wireless networks like ZigBee are more suitable. Regardless of the dimming method, the lighting should gradually turn on and off to avoid stress responses in fish.
Farmers are increasingly recognizing that light can regulate fish gonad development, promote nutrient growth, and improve protein quality. By understanding the basics of aquatic lighting planning and conducting relevant experiments, selecting the right LED lights can help create an optimal light environment for aquaculture, leading to better results.
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