[Garden lighting]: 3. Landscape lighting articles

"The east and the laurel trees are screens, and the mountains and the trees are followed by the plum blossoms. The bamboos are outside the plums, the bamboos are in the shacks, the sacred sounds are from the bamboos..." Chinese gardens plant more flowers and trees. Among them, flowers and trees are the "big view" of Chinese gardens. Then, how do the plant scenes in the garden use lighting to improve the artistic atmosphere of the garden and to shed the unique charm of the garden? The ancient architectural lighting channel will be described in the book â€œPlain and Sceneryâ€.

The designer believes that the object of garden lighting is different from indoor lighting and architectural environment lighting, and its main purpose is to enhance the effect of the scene and create an awkward landscape. Therefore, in the type of light source, the light source with better direction and control ability should be selected as much as possible to minimize the use of ordinary floodlighting lamps.

The principle of lighting design should highlight the beautiful buildings, rocks, water features and flowers in the garden, and hide the lack of landscape. The different positions of the garden have considerable differences in lighting requirements. In order to display the beautiful shapes of the buildings, sculptures, flowers, rocks and other landscapes in the garden, the lighting methods should vary from scene to scene. The projection lights of buildings, peak stones, sculptures and flowers and trees should be changed according to the needs, so as to show their charms at night; the street lamps on both sides of the road should be uniform and continuous, so as to meet the security needs.

In order to make the small space appear larger, you can just illuminate the necessary parts and put the rest in the shadows. For the large outdoor space, the processing method is the opposite, which will make the large space have a kind of intimacy. Outdoor lighting should use the dimmer on the light source with caution. On most garden lights that use incandescent lamps as the light source, using the dimmer will make the light yellow and give the illuminated object a yellow color, especially for plants. It will present a pathological condition and lose its original vitality. Color filters are also rarely used because the light projected through them creates a sense of distortion that can be unreal for plants. Of course, the sky blue filter is an exception, it can eliminate the yellow tone in the incandescent lamp, making the light into a pleasant blue and white light. Small filters or other accessories can make a huge difference in the entire landscape, which requires constant attention in the design.

The brightness of the light should be based on the needs of the event and to ensure safety. Too bright or too dark will cause discomfort to visitors. Especially for lighting design, attention should be paid to glare. The term "glare" refers to excessively bright and excessive light that causes people to have a strong discomfort. Hiding the luminaire in the tile can provide the necessary illumination without causing glare. To determine the lighting range of the light, it is also necessary to consider the position of the luminaire, that is, the height, angle and light distribution of the luminaire. The shadow size and brightness of the lighting should be coordinated with the environment and the atmosphere to facilitate the use of light and shadow to set off the nature and create a certain The scene and the atmosphere. This should be carefully observed during the day and calculated by matching to determine the best landscape lighting effect.

Decorative lighting for plants:

Projection lighting of trees

1. The floodlights are generally placed on the ground, and the arrangement is determined according to the type and appearance of the trees;

2. If you want to illuminate a higher position on the tree, place a metal rod with the same height as the illumination position to install the luminaire next to the tree;

3. Install a string of low-power incandescent light bulbs on the main branches of the deciduous tree to obtain the decorative effect;

4. For the floodlights that must be installed on the tree, the mounting ring attached to the tree sill must be adjusted according to the growth law of the plant;

5, the lighting of the trees should pay attention to art.

Flower bed lighting

1. For the flower beds on the ground plane, the lights are called downwards, and the lamps are often placed at the center or the edge of the flower beds. The height of the lamps depends on the height of the flowers;

2. The light source is commonly used as a light source with high color rendering index such as incandescent lamp and compact fluorescent lamp.

Lighting of sculptures and statues:

1. The number and arrangement of illumination points depends on the type of target being illuminated;

2. Determine the position of the luminaire according to the location of the target being illuminated and the surrounding environment

(1) Lighting targets that are isolated in the middle of the grass or open space, the lamps are as close as possible to the ground to maintain the appearance of the surroundings

(2) Illumination targets that are isolated in the middle of the grass or open space. If they are located on the pedestal, the luminaires are placed far away to avoid shadowing at the bottom of the illuminated target due to the occlusion of the pedestal.

(3) The target located on the pedestal, if close to the pedestrian, the luminaire shall be fixed on the public lighting pole or on the facade of the nearby building;

3. For the statue, always take the subject part of the face and the front of the image, and avoid the shadow on the face of the statue when selecting the direction of the illumination;

4. For some sculptures, the color of the light should be coordinated with the color of the sculpture material.

Water lighting:

Illumination of the fountain: In the case of water jets, the light-transmitting luminaire is placed behind the spout in the sink or below the drop point where the water flow falls back into the sink, or the luminaire is installed in both places. The primary colors of red, blue and yellow are often used, followed by green;

Illumination of the waterfall: For water flow and waterfall, the luminaire should be placed at the bottom of the water drop;

Static water and lake lighting: the illuminating side of the luminaire can form a reflection on the water surface; the objects on the shore can be illuminated by flooding illuminating lamps; for dynamic water surface, the flooding can be directly illuminated by the floodlighting luminaire.

10 Layer PCB Stack Up thickness, Design and manufacturing

Usually, 10 layer PCB is HDI board, but some are not.

10 Layer PCB Stack Up And Design

Regardless of the number of layers constituting the circuit board design, pad spacing, clearance, trace widths, copper weights and drill hole sizes must be tailored to your contract manufacturer (CM). If your design requires multiple layers, you need to consider additional DFM specifications for signals through vias, power and ground wiring, and PCB stackup.

For 10-layer PCB Manufacturing, it is necessary to determine the number of layers, their arrangement or stacking, and the type of material. These choices require coordination between thickness constraints; material parameters; such as dielectric constant, thermal expansion coefficient and electrical strength; signal type isolation and drilling options. For PCB Assembly , wiring options and their impact on welding process are very important. The function of CM limits the choice of vertical aspect of design.

When your PCB needs six layers of routing, you should choose to use ten layers of PCB. Because ten-layer circuit boards usually have six signal layers and four planes. Of course, we do not recommend the design of more than six signal layers on the 10-layer circuit board. Ten layers are also the largest number of layers, which can be easily manufactured on 0.062 inch thick sheets. Occasionally you will see a 12-layer PCB made of 0.062 inch thick board, but there are not many manufacturers who can make 12-layer circuit boards. Just right, besides making 10-layer circuit boards, we also have very rich experience in manufacturing 12-layer circuit boards.

High layer count boards (10 +) require thin dielectrics (usually 0.006 or smaller on 0.062 thick plates), so they are automatically tightly coupled. After stacking and wiring properly, they can meet all our goals and have excellent EMC performance and signal integrity.

This is a very common and nearly ideal 10 layer PCB stack up.

The reason why this stack has such good performance is the tight coupling between signal and return plane, the existence of high-speed shielding signal layer, multiple grounding layers, and tightly coupled power supply/grounding layer pairs in the center of circuit board.

Another possible stack-up for a ten-layer board

Another possible stack up of 10 layer PCB

This 10-layer PCB stacking up method abandons closely spaced power/ground pairs. In return, it provides three signal routing layer pairs, shielded by the ground layer on the outer layer of the board, and isolated from each other through the internal power supply and the ground layer.

10-layer PCB stackup with two external low-frequency routing layers

This 10-layer PCB stackup allows the routing of orthogonal signals near the same plane, but in the process, the closely spaced power/ground plane must also be abandoned.

In addition, we list some other stacking methods of 10-layer circuit boards for your reference.

10 Layer PCB Thickness

0.062'' 10 layer PCB stackup thickness

0.062''10 Layer PCB Stackup thickness

0.093'' 10 Layer PCB Stack UP thickness

10 Layer Stackup - 1.6mm thickness
layer order	layer name	material type	material description	dielectric constant	thickness	copper weight
1	top	copper	signal		0.035mm	1 oz
1		7630	prepreg	4.7	0.2mm
2	inner 1	copper	plane			1 oz
2			core	4.6	0.2mm
3	inner 2	copper	plane			1 oz
3		2116	prepreg	4.5	0.12mm
4	inner 3	copper	plane			1 oz
4			core	4.6	0.2mm
5	inner 4	copper	plane			1 oz
5		2116	prepreg	4.5	0.12mm
6	inner 5	copper	plane			1 oz
6			core	4.6	0.2mm
7	inner 6	copper	plane			1 oz
7		2116	prepreg	4.5	0.12mm
8	inner 7	copper	plane			1 oz
8		2116	prepreg	4.6	0.2mm
9	inner 8	copper	plane			1 oz
9		7630	prepreg	4.7	0.2mm
10	bottom	copper	signal		0.035mm	1 oz
Final board thickness: 1.6mmÂ±0.16mm

10 Layer PCB Application

With the rapid development of today's increasingly complex multi-layer PCB, machines and equipment in various industries - commerce, industry, medicine, government, Aerospace - continue to grow in terms of speed, capacity, compactness and ease of use.

8, 10 and 12 layers of multi-layer PCB are useful in many high-tech equipment and computer systems. In recent decades, the development of multi-layer Printed Circuit Boards has led to the rapid development of computer technology - from the previous Gigabit system to today's GHz machine.

Especially 10-layer PCB, which is widely used in the following industries: Preamplifier, Satellite Dish, GPS Tracking Devices, SAN Storage, AC Drives, GSM Signal Booster, Mobile Broadband Router, Inverter 220V, Memory Module, Automotive dashboards

Cheap 10 Layer PCB manufacturing services

For customized printed circuit boards, our 10-layer PCB offers the fastest turning time for the best price we can offer. For on-demand pricing and ordering of your next Printed Circuit Board project, you can contact our online customer support or send us an email to get 10-layer PCB quotation immediately.

10 Layer PCB

Printed Wire Board,Custom PCB Board,10 Layer PCB,10 Layer PCB Stackup

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