IPv9, despite having an invention patent, still faces skepticism from many. According to Shenyang Bowen, he interviewed Qian Hualin, the chief scientist of the Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, regarding his evaluation of “China’s IPv9.†Qian explained that “Shanghai’s ‘Chinese IPv9’ has no relation to the IETF standards of IPv4 and IPv6. The ‘digital domain name (ENUM)’ of China’s IPv9 is not the same as the ‘Digital Domain Name’ recognized by the IETF, which is the organization responsible for Internet standardization.†This distinction highlights the divergence between China’s approach and international standards.
The existing IPv4 protocol has a limited address space, ranging from 1.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 (excluding 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255), totaling approximately 4.2 billion addresses. With the rapid growth of the Internet, this number became insufficient, prompting discussions in the early 1990s about next-generation Internet protocols. Organizations like the IETF and ISO/IEC led these efforts, shaping the development of future network standards.
Under the persistent efforts of Chinese engineers, IPv9 research has achieved significant breakthroughs. While IPv6 has become the globally accepted next-generation standard, IPv9 has emerged as a foundational architecture for the future Internet. Designed to avoid major changes to existing IP protocols, IPv9 aims to ensure compatibility, environmental protection, and reduced carbon emissions. Its core idea involves integrating TCP/IP with circuit switching, allowing routers to support multiple protocols simultaneously. This enables the gradual replacement of the current Internet structure without disrupting existing systems.
Due to its well-considered design, IPv9 has attracted attention from ISO and the Internet Society. The International Wisdom Society has also taken an interest in the technology, recognizing its potential. The Friends of IPv9 Overseas Association recently conducted research on the advantages and disadvantages of IPv9’s large address system, presenting their findings to the society for review.
In their report, the association highlighted the challenge of balancing large address space with communication speed. They emphasized the need for multi-dimensional thinking rather than binary solutions. Using China’s IPv9 as a case study, they explored how the concept of large addresses can be implemented effectively. IPv9’s initial proposal, known as TUBA, aimed to address the limitations of IPv4, which had a 32-bit address format—too short to support growing demand.
As the competition between IPv9 and other next-generation protocols like IPv6 evolved, the debate over address length became central. IPv9 proposed a 128-bit address, while IPv6 initially used 62 bits. Critics argued that IPv9’s longer address would increase network burden, but supporters believed it was necessary for long-term scalability. Eventually, IPv6 adopted the 128-bit format, reflecting the influence of IPv9’s ideas.
Despite this, there are key differences between IPv9 and IPv6. While both use large addresses, their technical implementations and design philosophies differ significantly. The question remains: how to balance the benefits of expanded address space with the challenges of transmission efficiency?
China’s IPv9 takes this concept further, implementing a 256-bit address format, doubling the length of IPv6. It even explores addresses up to 1024 or 2048 bits, offering unprecedented flexibility. These advancements enable new technologies such as character-based routing and enhanced encryption, which require larger address spaces for practical implementation.
Moreover, China’s IPv9 introduces a composite address format, supporting both short and long addresses. This allows different applications to choose the most suitable format, optimizing network performance. Technologies like "unscheduled positioning" and local priority transmission further reduce overhead, ensuring that large addresses do not hinder efficiency.
In conclusion, China’s IPv9 demonstrates that large addresses do not necessarily lead to increased network burden. By combining innovative design with practical implementation, it offers a balanced solution that enhances both security and performance. As the field of networking continues to evolve, it is essential to evaluate new technologies holistically, rather than focusing solely on minor flaws. With continued research and refinement, China’s IPv9 has the potential to shape the future of the Internet.
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