Proper selection, calibration, and installation of pressure gauges are essential to ensure they perform effectively in industrial applications. First, the choice of a pressure gauge should be based on specific usage requirements and the conditions of the process. It's important to analyze each situation individually and select the appropriate type, model, range, and accuracy level according to the technical specifications of the production environment. Key factors to consider during selection include: (1) Determining the gauge range based on the measured pressure. For flexible pressure gauges, it's crucial that the elastic components operate within a safe deformation range. When the pressure is relatively stable, the maximum pressure should not exceed 3/4 of the full scale. If there are large fluctuations, the maximum pressure should not go beyond 2/3 of the full scale. To maintain measurement accuracy, the actual pressure should not be less than 1/3 of the full scale. (2) Choosing the accuracy level based on the allowable measurement error. Whenever possible, opt for low-cost, low-precision gauges if they meet the production needs. (3) Considering the nature of the medium being measured, such as temperature, viscosity, corrosiveness, dirt, flammability, or explosiveness. Environmental factors like high temperatures, corrosion, humidity, and vibration should also be taken into account when choosing the right gauge.
Second, calibration of the pressure gauge involves comparing its readings with those of a standard gauge. The standard gauge should have an absolute error less than one-third of the device under test, so its error can be considered negligible. If the difference between the two readings is within the allowed tolerance, the gauge is deemed accurate. Third, proper installation is critical. The pressure point should be selected in a straight section of the pipe where the medium flows smoothly, avoiding areas where vortices may form, such as bends, junctions, or dead ends. When measuring flowing media, the pressure point should be perpendicular to the flow direction, and burrs should be removed. For liquid pressure, the point should be placed at the bottom of the pipeline to prevent gas accumulation in the guiding tube, while for gas pressure, it should be at the top to avoid liquid buildup.
The pressure guiding pipes should be of suitable thickness, typically with an inner diameter of 6 to 10 mm and a length of 3 to 5 meters. If the medium tends to condense or freeze, heat tracing lines should be added. A shut-off valve must be installed close to the pressure tap between the gauge and the port. When installing the pressure gauge, it should be placed in an easily accessible location for observation and maintenance. Avoid areas with high vibration or extreme temperatures. When measuring steam pressure, a condensate trap should be used to prevent direct contact with the sensor. For corrosive media, an isolation tank filled with a neutral substance should be used. In special cases—such as high or low temperatures, corrosive, crystallizing, or viscous media—appropriate protective measures must be taken. Sealing gaskets should be used at the connections, with materials like asbestos paperboard or aluminum sheet for low-pressure and low-temperature environments, and annealed copper or lead for higher pressures and temperatures. Additionally, the choice of gasket material should consider the medium being measured. For example, oxygen pressure gauges must not use oil-based or organic gaskets to prevent explosions, and copper gaskets are prohibited for acetylene measurements.
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