After the drone market was brought to the fore, many industries upstream of the supply chain revived, such as carbon fiber, batteries, and even landing gear. Among them, many accessories are adapting to changes in the drone industry, such as motors.
The rise of drones has made hopes for those companies that were originally engaged in ordinary motor manufacturing. Some enterprises have begun to take this opportunity to switch to the UAV motor market. Even enterprises that originally engaged in smart terminals, security, and even toys have entered the market in large quantities. The field of drones.
In fact, the motor is an abbreviation, generally called a motor. It is a kind of converter that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It consists of a stator, a rotor, a core and a main part of magnetic steel. The working principle of the motor is similar to that of a magnet. The same electrode is generated by electricity and mutually repelled, resulting in motor rotation.
Seeing this, I am sure that the reader will recall the principle of electromagnetic induction that I learned in junior high school. It doesn't matter if I can't think of it. I can go to Baidu.
The drone was first developed in the era of aircraft model. Since the model is the predecessor of the drone, what kind of motor was the model used at the earliest? The first model used in the model was a brush motor with a built-in mechanical commutator. The rotor was the middle core. There were more than three pieces of copper at the back end of the core. The copper piece was clamped to the upper side by a carbon brush. Coil powered. As the motor rotates, the carbon brushes sandwiched between the two sides are fixed, which also acts as a commutation during the rotation of the motor. This can also be called a commutator, and the commutator continues to rotate with the motor. The direction of the change is made, and the outer side of the rotor is tightly attached to the motor casing by two pieces of magnetic steel.
However, the brush motor is bulky, bulky, low in power, short in life, and the carbon brush is easy to wear with a long time of work or excessive voltage, and the wear is very serious in a short time. Therefore, the current brushless motor has gradually replaced the brush motor.
The brushless motor does not have the same internal displacement device as the brush motor. It cannot work independently, and must have the cooperation of the commutator, that is, the brushless ESC can work. There is also an outer rotor motor in the brushless motor. This type of motor has good heat dissipation and a large number of magnetic poles. The torque is larger than that of the inner rotor motor and the rotation speed is low. Most of them are used in aircraft models and drones.
Brushless motors have a much longer life due to the absence of carbon brushes. In addition, the brushless motor speed is much higher than the brush motor speed. This has also caused some problems. When the early brushless motor was first introduced, it was often used in conjunction with low-speed paddles, often "popping the shell" and "exploding the paddle". The blasting shell means that the motor speed is too high, and the motor casing bursts due to excessive centrifugal force, causing the magnetic block to fly out quickly. The explosion is similar, that is, after reaching a certain speed, the propeller flies out from the motor to the periphery due to centrifugal force or other force. In addition, the brushless motor uses an external electronic commutator, the commutation frequency is 8KHZ, and the frequency is very high, which also causes the motor power to increase a lot. Compared with the brush motor, the weight is also much lighter.
When the brushless motor gradually captured the drone market, it also led to the red fire and electric adjustment of another accessory. Since the brushless motor cannot work independently, it must be operated as a commutator to work, so the ESC market is also brought up. What is the current situation of the drone motor?
Consumer-grade UAVs use DC brushless motors, which have certain requirements in terms of motor structure design and motor control algorithms. They also require strict performance testing and technical verification systems to ensure product reliability. With the development of high-performance chips, the motor can not only meet the information fusion of the navigation sensor, but also realize the optimal control of the drone, and the technical door is not high.
The vibration amplitude of the motor has an important influence on the performance of the drone. During the flight, the motor generally brings more intense vibration. Once the damping control is not good, it will generate a large acceleration during the flight, which will inevitably bring about the change of the gyro output, which will cause the angle to change. The action will be delayed, and the intuitive feeling to the user is that the drone is not stable.
Acceleration and weight increase will bring more pressure to the whole motor system. The drone can hover and can do aerial photography because the MEMS can detect the elevation and roll angle of the drone during flight. Variety. When the motor control system detects an angle change, it can control the motor to rotate in the opposite direction to achieve a stable effect. Professional-grade drones require at least four to six brushless motors to drive the rotors of the drone, and motor drive controllers to control the speed and direction of the drone. The motor control system is very important for the stability of the drone. Therefore, the motor system of the professional-grade drone is more accurate and reliable, which is the direction that the motor enterprises in the field of UAV motors need to improve.
In addition, the quality of the winding on the motor also plays an important role in the performance of the drone. The number of coils is directly related to the magnitude of the electromagnetic force. If one or more turns around a circle, the distribution of the magnetic field will be changed, so the electromagnetic force will be affected, and the electromagnetic force directly affects the output power of the motor. Therefore, once the number of windings changes, it directly affects the performance of the drone. It is understood that many domestic drone motors are still using manual winding, especially in the field of plant protection machines. Because the cost of winding equipment is relatively high, many motor manufacturers do not purchase winding equipment in order to reduce costs, and can only rely on manpower.
In the case that consumer-grade UAVs have become Red Sea, professional-grade UAVs have ushered in a period of rapid development, but professional-grade UAVs have particularly high requirements for related motor and motor control, and they have switched from smart terminals and other fields. Can the manufacturer of the motor provide a more accurate and stable motor and control solution? This is an important opportunity to grasp the rapid development of professional-grade drones.
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