Many sci-fi movies have told stories like this: human-made robots, because of their own consciousness, in turn attack humans. Now with the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology, many scientists have such concerns. But recently, the IBM Institute for Business Value published this new book, IBM Business Value Report: Cognitive Computing and Artificial Intelligence. This book introduces us to a technique related to artificial intelligence called cognitive computing. It can help artificial intelligence to accomplish more tasks, approaching or even surpassing the human brain, without letting people worry about this "can be replaced by machines." Let's listen to what is going on.
Let's talk about the relationship between "cognitive computing" and "artificial intelligence." The future of artificial intelligence is generally divided into three development directions: people get the machines, machines to get people and "human and machine symbiosis." Artificial intelligence with the goal of "human-machine symbiosis" is cognitive computing. In this book, IBM combines his extensive experience in the field of artificial intelligence, proposes cognitive computing techniques, and summarizes the three capabilities of cognitive computing, namely communication, decision making, and discovery.
The first ability is communication, and cognitive computing can handle non-structural problems. What does that mean? Many people who use Siri will only use this as an entertainment feature, because it can't guarantee the accuracy of the content. Sometimes Siri can't take your word, because your words are too complicated for it. This can only be counted as the initial state of artificial intelligence comparison. And cognitive computing can completely imitate human cognition, you can think of it as a child. It’s like there are a group of adults around him who are playing with him. Someone tells the child 1+1=2, and some people say 1+1=3. But as the child grows up, he will understand that 1+1=2 is right. This is a non-structural issue. Early artificial intelligence can only learn the knowledge that others teach him, but cognitive computing can handle vague, even contradictory information.
So, how to use this communication ability of cognitive computing? The book cites an example of a US placement of veterans. How to resettle the soldiers who came home from the battlefield is something that no government can take lightly. Let a group of well-trained, hormonal men wandering around the world all day, and which government will feel nervous. So how do you relocate these soldiers into the social system? Each of them is in a different situation and requires a large number of consultants to help them, but the government has not enough staff. At this time, it is the turn of cognitive computing. In the website for veterans, cognitive computing can identify and analyze the “non-structural†problems of the soldiers and give answers. At the other end, the soldiers did not know that it was a computer that chatted with him. They thought it was a professional consultant.
The second ability is decision making, and we all know that artificial intelligence can analyze complex logic and then make decisions. Cognitive computing, it can go a step further and adjust its decisions based on new information. What's more, the decisions made by the cognitive system are unbiased, and “unbiased decision-making†is almost impossible for humans.
For example, treating cancer is a typical medical decision-making scenario. The reason why cancer is refractory is that the disease is too complicated. On the other hand, if the doctor cannot find the cancer signal of the patient in time, it may delay the patient's treatment or cause a diagnosis error. Cognitive computing can analyze complex medical data comprehensively, analyze the meaning in the context of the doctor's language, and finally propose its recommendations. This greatly reduces the time for doctors to check their medical records, allowing doctors to spend more time on patients. In August 2016, "Tokyo News" reported that the cognitive computing robot "Watson" developed by IBM learned a huge amount of medical papers. It took only 10 minutes to diagnose a patient. The type of leukemia has also been proposed to the University of Tokyo Medical Research Institute for appropriate treatment options.
The third ability is to discover that cognitive computing can discover new things and new connections and fill the gaps in human thinking. For example, in the highly competitive catering industry, how can we make new dishes that satisfy customers? Cognitive systems can integrate regional knowledge, cultural knowledge, and a variety of food collocation theories to help users discover unimaginable food collocations. For example, one day, it will tell you that making a pizza with a marinated recipe may be a good appetite for you. You did it as you did it and found it good! In fact, since 2015, IBM’s “Watson Chef†has learned more than 35,000 classic recipes, and then analyzes the vast array of ingredients, combined with data on chemistry and nutrition, for chefs and gourmets. Comes with new recipes beyond human imagination.
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