Use the four major taboos of the mixer to make serious mistakes or damage the device.
For many engineers or hobbyists who are new to power supply design, the challenge of creating a reliable switching power supply can be quite daunting. If you haven't yet reached the level of expertise in power supply design, it's important to approach the task with care. One effective strategy is to treat the power supply board as a single integrated unit and apply standard circuit techniques. This method can lead to a more stable and efficient final product. However, for new projects, it's crucial to rely on your own understanding and well-tested circuits. Otherwise, you may encounter numerous issues during production.
When starting the design process, the first step is to determine the input voltage and the required output power. The switching current, transformer size, and input voltage will influence the choice of the switch transistor, including its voltage rating and the number of turns in the primary winding of the transformer.
Next, selecting an appropriate switching frequency is essential. It helps minimize static losses and ensures that the switching transistor operates at maximum efficiency. Too high a frequency can increase switching losses, while too low a frequency may require larger magnetic components.
Regardless of the voltage or power level, the switch transistor must have a low-impedance discharge path and a fast charging circuit. This ensures proper turn-on and turn-off behavior, reducing stress on the device.
A critical component in any switching power supply is the transformer. To prevent unwanted voltage spikes and reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI), it’s important to include an absorbing circuit, such as a snubber, which helps dissipate energy from parasitic inductances.
The gate resistance of the switch transistor should be pulled down to ground using a resistor. This prevents unintended switching due to floating gate voltages, ensuring more stable operation.
If the power requirement is high, it's advisable to incorporate a Power Factor Correction (PFC) circuit into the design. This improves the efficiency and reduces harmonic distortion, making the power supply more compliant with electrical standards.
The drive signal for the switch transistor must be stable and strong enough to ensure reliable operation. Ideally, the drive voltage should be above 5V to guarantee proper switching performance under all conditions.
Finally, if the input voltage exceeds 75V, it’s recommended to test a filter resonant circuit as part of a negative assist function. This can help manage voltage spikes and improve overall system stability.
By carefully following these guidelines and considering each aspect of the design, you can significantly improve the reliability and performance of your switching power supply. Whether you're working on a small project or a large-scale development, a solid foundation in power electronics is key to success.
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