Electric shocks can be extremely dangerous to the human body, and several factors determine the severity of the injury. First and foremost, it's the current that flows through the body that causes fatal damage, not the voltage itself. However, when the resistance remains constant, higher voltage leads to higher current, which increases the risk significantly. Therefore, even low-voltage electricity can be harmful if the current is high enough.
The duration of the current passing through the body is another critical factor. The longer the exposure, the lower the skin resistance becomes, allowing more current to pass through. This can result in more severe consequences. Additionally, the human heart is most vulnerable during its natural cycle, which lasts about 0.1 seconds. If the current passes through the heart during this sensitive moment, even a small amount of current can cause serious issues like cardiac arrhythmia or even heart failure.
The path that the current takes through the body also plays a major role. Currents passing through the brain, spinal cord, or vital organs such as the heart and lungs can lead to paralysis, organ failure, or death. The most dangerous path is from one hand to the other, followed by hand-to-foot, and then foot-to-foot. This is why it's crucial to avoid contact with live circuits using both hands or with wet skin.
Moreover, the frequency of the current affects the danger level. AC power at 50Hz is commonly used in electrical systems, but this frequency is particularly dangerous to the human body because it aligns with the natural rhythm of the heart, increasing the risk of cardiac arrest.
Lastly, individual health conditions and environmental factors like skin moisture can influence the impact of an electric shock. People with pre-existing heart or neurological conditions are more susceptible to severe injuries. Wet skin reduces resistance, making it easier for current to flow, while dry skin offers more protection. Understanding these factors helps in taking necessary precautions to prevent electric shocks and reduce their potential harm.
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