Several techniques are used to analyze pore size in materials, including gas adsorption, mercury intrusion, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). In 2010, the U.S. company Dispersed Technology (DT) and Conta Instruments collaborated on the electroacoustic vibration method, while the Belgian firm Occhio developed an imaging technique for analyzing large pores. Each of these methods has its own advantages and limitations depending on the pore size range and material properties. Gas adsorption is one of the most widely used techniques for pore size analysis due to its broad measurement range, which typically spans from 0.35 nm up to over 100 nm, covering micropores, mesopores, and even some macropores. It's also cost-effective and relatively easy to implement compared to other methods. When combined with mercury intrusion, the pore size analysis range can extend from approximately 0.35 nm up to 1 mm. Additionally, gas adsorption is particularly effective at measuring surface areas, including complex and irregular surfaces as well as internal structures within pores.
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