If someone asks: What do you think the drone should look like? What kind of picture will you think of in your mind? Military aircraft equipped with missiles? Mini aerial photography consumer machine? A service machine for spraying pesticides. .. .. maybe, you think of more and more. We have to admit that the birth of drones is changing human society, and this change will become more and more obvious. We are eager to know what extent and width the future drone will have. So now, let's reveal this answer.
What is the nature of the drone?
With the rapid development of information technology, drone technology has undergone tremendous changes. From remotely piloted aircraft (RPV) to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to unmanned space surveillance (UAS), drone technology has moved to a new level. Singer, a US military adviser and robot expert, once said that the essence of robots is machines. Li Deyi, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, an expert in automation and artificial intelligence, also said that the three functions of the future car will be perception, cognition and action. The drone is the machine, and it also has the three elements of the car, so the drone is also called the air robot.
What is the law of development of aerial vehicles? In the past, man-machines dominated the world. In the next step, drones will make important additions to manned aircraft. In the future, drones and manned machines will depend on each other and develop synergistically. Finally, we expect the drones to dominate the world.
In the local wars in recent years, the variety and number of drones have increased dramatically, which has triggered a boom in the development of drones around the world. So, which aspect of the current drones are developing? Here, we will look at the development trend of drones from six aspects.
The six development directions of drones
(1) Taking the combination of battlefield investigation and investigation and punishment as the main purpose, vigorously develop drones combined with investigation and investigation. In the development roadmap of U.S. UAVs, UAVs are divided into four types: small and medium-sized and unmanned combat. The completed tasks are also divided into eighteen. Among them, detection, precise target positioning and indication are always ranked first and second.
Now, drones shoulder the heavy responsibility of the national sentinel. About 80% of the world's equipped drones are reconnaissance aircraft. The specific work includes image detection (visible light, infrared, spectroscopy, radar, laser), signal detection, meteorological hydrology, magnetic, nuclear biochemistry and so on. Combining the two modes of detection and attack can achieve the "discovery and destruction" mode of operation. This kind of solution to embed the weapon strike module into the detection drone has attracted the attention of the military. Unmanned reconnaissance machines like Predator, Hunter and Death have begun to apply this model.
(2) With the main demand for firepower and air confrontation, vigorously develop unmanned combat aircraft. For example, like the familiar X47B, it is an unmanned combat aircraft used on the Ford-class aircraft carrier in the United States, as well as a "neuron" unmanned combat aircraft led by France and jointly developed by the six countries. In addition, there are the British "Raytheon" and the Russian "Electricity".
(3) Focusing on special investigations and “bee colony†operations, and vigorously develop micro-miniature drone systems. Micro and small drones are strictly defined. For example, in the United States, a micro drone is a drone with a size between the eagle and a large locust. A small drone is a total takeoff weight of more than 2.3KG. A drone of less than 25KG.
In recent years, with the advent of new technologies, tiny drones have sprung up. Now, people can see all kinds of minicomputers, such as insect bionic drones like mosquitoes and butterflies. Why should we develop such a drone? Such a drone may have many uses in civilian use, but it is mainly used in the military field in the special forces "bee colony" operations.
The "bee colony" warfare has become an important development direction for the US military. Since March 2015, the US Navy has begun testing low-cost drone bee colony combat technology (LOCUST). The project uses a cheap "coyoger" type drone weighing around 6KG, and the speed is up to 145 kilometers, and it is launched by UAV cannons.
"Coyotes" drone
At present, nine UAVs have been tested for autonomous formation flight, and 30 bee colony combat tests are planned for the summer of 2016.
(4) Taking the new power technology as the main breakthrough, and vigorously developing ultra-high-speed drones and ultra-long-term navigation systems. Ultra-high-speed drones generally refer to drones with a cruising speed greater than Mach 5 (Mach 1 is approximately 1200 km/h). Such drones require ultra-high-speed flight through a combination of rocket engines, aero engines and scramjet engines. . Ultra long-haul drones generally refer to drones with a range of more than 48 hours. The concept of this level of drones and the so-called consumer-class drones on the ultra-long-haul is completely different. Its power energy problem will be solved by solar energy, fuel cells, hydrogen engines and nuclear power. Long-haul problems.
For example, in the hydrogen engine drone system, the Boeing Company's creative liquid hydrogen powered drone, the "Ghost Eye", uses two 2.3-liter four-cylinder engines, each generating 150 horsepower. It can continue to fly for 4 days at an altitude of 20,000 meters and continuously perform surveillance and reconnaissance missions. And it is very environmentally friendly, and the by-products produced are only water. The drone took its first flight in June 2012 and continues to be tested at Edwards Air Force Base, California.
"Ghost Eye" drone
In the nuclear power long-haul UAV system, American scientists have completed the theoretical and feasibility study of a new generation of nuclear-powered drones. The new nuclear power technology not only increases the continuous flight time of drones from “days†to “monthsâ€, but also increases the power for drone weapons and control systems. Due to its long battery life, logistics support costs can be greatly reduced. Work is currently under way to improve the safety of nuclear reactors, and the future will definitely bring revolutionary changes to the power technology of drones.
In the long-haul UAV system for laser and microwave energy transmission, Lockheed, USA? Martin and the American Laser Power Company successfully tested a new laser energy transmission system on a small drone in 2012. The drone's battery life reached 48 hours, and it only had 2 hours of battery life.
Drone carrying a laser cannon
In addition, there is also a drone that uses rocket-assisted, unpowered gliding to fly. What is the concept of this drone? That is to say, the rocket is used to bring the drone to the critical position of the atmosphere, and then to the atmosphere at a certain angle and speed to achieve the flight. This method is similar to playing "water drifting", which is to hit the thin stone piece at a certain speed and angle to the surface of the water, let the stone float on the water, and the atmosphere is equivalent to the water surface. In this state, the drone can reach Mach 20.
Vice President of Skunk Factory Al? Romig said that speed is a new stealth means, and ultra-high-speed aircraft will become a game changer. Once this unmanned warplane is put into use, it will change the form of war and the "rules of the game", and make a major change in the existing offensive and defensive system. Existing defenses will face the danger of being "cleared" and will form a new strategy. Threat.
(5) Taking information technology as the core and vigorously promoting the intelligence of the drone system. The UAV system is a typical information equipment. The United States proposed nine bottleneck technologies for unmanned systems in the 2013-2038 Unmanned System Integrated Roadmap, among which interoperability, autonomy, communication, security, Six items, such as sensors and computers, are closely related to information technology.
In the past two decades, the development of drones has been so rapid. Among them, the development of information technology has played a key role in promoting. In addition to drones, traditional information technology addresses remote telemetry, tracking and information-aware processing. At present, with the development of information technology, three characteristics have emerged:
First, the development of drones is closely related to the emerging information technology industry. The development of emerging information technology industries such as big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things (including the Internet) is profoundly affecting the revolution of drone technology.
1 In terms of big data technology, UAV, as a sensor node for air movement, can generate massive data in the fields of geodetic mapping, land and resources survey, meteorological exploration, traffic supervision, industrial and forestry production, logistics and transportation, and personal consumption. It also includes information on flight parameters of drones. Some of the data have economic benefits, and most of the data needs to be developed and utilized relying on big data technology.
2 In terms of cloud computing, many UAVs will be liberated in the future. The calculations on the machine, the storage on the machine, and the intelligent capabilities on the machine all need to be solved through the cloud.
3 In the aspect of the Internet of Things, the Internet of Things is a more complex ecosystem than the mobile Internet. It advocates the interconnection of all things. After the UAV is integrated into the Internet of Things, it will better utilize the advantages of mobility, agility, and sensor data to achieve human-computer interaction. Interoperability and mutual understanding.
Second, the information infrastructure will become an important support for unmanned aerial traffic control and flight management. Now, in order to industrialize drones, aviation management is a major issue. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on the basic information facilities to solve the problem of future traffic management, and it is impossible to conduct the air traffic control in the current way. Mobile communications infrastructure, Internet infrastructure, and broadcast and television infrastructure will all be important support for unmanned aerial fleet networks and flight management.
Among them, what is the use of radio and television infrastructure? If the drone is open for use in the future, it needs to basically reach three capabilities: evasive, detectable and controllable. There are so many signals transmitted by radio and television that the UAV can be networked as long as it can be detected. Therefore, the information infrastructure will become an important support for unmanned aerial traffic control and flight management.
Through the common infrastructure such as installation and flight management provided by the three major infrastructures, the structure-specific software and hardware will eventually cover the national unmanned unit network measurement and control and flight management system.
Third, artificial intelligence technology is the first subversion technology to improve the application capabilities of drones. There is no doubt that artificial intelligence technology has a core reference for the development of drones. From the perspective of artificial intelligence, the drone will develop from three aspects: single-machine intelligent flight, multi-machine intelligent coordination, and task-autonomous intelligence.
Single-machine intelligent flight involves environmental awareness and avoidance, including detection, communication and perception, information fusion, sharing, environmental adaptation, and new sensors. Intelligent path planning involves many artificial intelligence technologies to solve; intelligent flight control to solve openness, autonomy and self-learning; as well as intelligent airspace integration and intelligent flight. Intelligent aircraft refers to a wide variety of aircraft that can fly both in the water and in the air. This process is constantly changing.
There are many contents involved in multi-machine collaboration. The key technologies are collaborative command and control and collaborative situation generation and evaluation. Multi-machine coordinated path planning and stand-alone path planning are different. UAVs need to cooperate with each other in order to avoid chaotic driving paths. In addition, the core of collaborative semantic interaction is the understanding of the natural context of the machine. In the future, the drone will work in conjunction with other systems, so the machine language understood by the machine is realized.
The concept of mission-autonomous intelligence and the concept of the ultimate driverless car are the same, that is, you can achieve autonomous driving. For example, when the current drone performs the combination of the check and the task, the technician is required to remotely operate through the screen to observe whether the object is a target or not, and the requirement for the future drone is that it can Judging and attacking is the highest level of drone application.
(6) Relying on low-altitude airspace, facing the civilian sector and vigorously developing civilian drones. Now, after opening up to a low-altitude flight or opening up more, how to develop drones for the civilian sector, all countries have introduced relevant policies and regulations. At present, the research on civilian drones has a new feature, that is, the research application field is very extensive, and the research subject has undergone great changes. At present, in addition to the mainstream aviation companies in the development of drone business, a large number of Internet companies Amazon, Google, Facebook, Gopro, Tencent, Xiaomi, etc. have also begun to get involved in the field of drones, and carry out related business. Because these enterprises have certain technical accumulation in the field of information technology, they say that they have advantages in the process of entering the field of drones, which also proves that information technology is the main driving force for the development of drones.
In the application of civil drones, digital Earth sensing of remote sensing is the most important research project, followed by land surveys, meteorological surveys and traffic surveillance and security (search, rescue, anti-terrorism and detonation), and then In the field of industrial and forestry production, the last is in the field of logistics and transportation. Among them, the application of drones in the field of industrial and forestry production is very large. When the United States studied the drone market, it was suggested that agriculture would definitely become the dominant market for drones. In addition to the application of drones in the mainstream market, in the future, entertainment will become the consumption field of drones.
Therefore, we can see the deep application of the drone, the wide application and the expectation of the future drone market boom. One day, drones will become the standard of people's lives just like mobile phones. Every family has robots, and the era of drones is coming soon. Are you and us ready?
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