Classification of speakers
1 According to the frequency of speaker playback A. Full-range speaker: able to reproduce full-range sound (20Hz-22kHz).
B. Tweeter: Also known as the treble head, the high-pitched voice, mainly reproduces the sound of the high-frequency part of 6-22 kHz.
C. Midrange speaker: able to reproduce sound from 200Hz to 6kHz.
D. Subwoofer: Also known as subwoofer or subwoofer (16Hz-200Hz).
2 Dimensions can be divided into tweeters 80mm (3in), 100mm (4in), 130mm (5in), 150mm (6in), 200mm (8in), 250mm (10in), 300mm (12in) and so on. (Note 1in = 25.3mm) There are also round shapes such as 100mm × 150mm, 130mm × 150mm, 150mm × 230mm. It can be selected according to the size reserved in the car.
3 can be divided into performance unit and function: unit speaker, set speaker, coaxial speaker, subwoofer.
A. Unit speaker:
Most of the original speakers on the car are unit speakers. The structure is simple and can only show the mid-range range. The performance is high-pitched and the bass is not thick. It is a low-end product.
B. Set speaker:
The set speaker is composed of a tweeter (high pitcher), a midrange speaker, a crossover, and the like. Commonly used are two-way and three-way, which has the advantage of facilitating the positioning of the sound field. Since different speakers are responsible for different frequencies, their frequency division is accurate and the frequency range is wide. Here is a look at the crossover. The crossover connects the source, treble, and mid-bass to make it a system that distributes the correct frequency to the appropriate speakers to ensure that the high and midrange speakers can perform their duties. On some dividers there are 0, -3dB, -6dB annotations, which are actually a tweeter's attenuation circuit, which can be selected according to the individual's listening preferences.
Because the set speaker has excellent sound field positioning ability, it is generally used in the front sound field. It should be noted that the distance between the high-pitched and mid-range speakers should not exceed 30cm. So that the sound is too loose. The location of the Tweeter is especially important. Because it will determine the position of the entire sound field.
INPUT is the audio input, WOO is connected to the midrange speaker, and TWE is connected to the tweeter.
WOO and TWE also have writing Mid and High. The labels of different manufacturers are different. Usually, English words should be accumulated (there are appendices after the book). Only the speakers of this model can be connected to the crossover, and do not connect other speakers. Because the crossover point and other parameters of this type of speaker are designed, if the other speakers are confused, the design requirements will not be met, and even the tweeter will be burnt.
C. Coaxial speaker:
Place the high-midrange speakers on the coaxial or the same chassis. The advantage of coaxial speakers is that they are easy to install and have the same source, ie point source. The disadvantage is that the treble often "covers" the midrange; the sound is hard and the sound field is not uniform, and it is generally recommended for the rear sound field speaker. In practice, the performance of 150mm × 230mm coaxial speakers is still good.
D. Subwoofer:
Generally they are more than 200mm and are installed in specially designed low speakers. The smaller the woofer size, the harder and crisper the sound is; the larger the size, the deeper the sound and the heavier the residual.
At present, a ready-made subwoofer is used to make the bass, which saves the trouble of making the speaker, but the effect is not as good as the speaker. The subwoofer is just a low-end product. The subwoofer can be divided into active and passive flat. An active subwoofer is a built-in power amplifier with a separate power source to drive the subwoofer to propel the subwoofer. The passive subwoofer has no built-in power amplifier and is driven directly by the onboard power amplifier.
The bass can greatly improve the listening experience in the car, especially in high-speed driving, the bass will be greatly attenuated, it is necessary to add a bass system. The woofer can be generally divided into a single voice coil and a double voice coil. Its impedance is 2Ω, 4Ω, 6Ω, 8Ω, 6Ω for European speakers.
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