At present, domestic IPv6 access is not restricted by technical limitations. The real reason lies in the fact that the IPv6 network within China is still in the research and testing phase, mainly deployed in universities and research institutions. Authorities and users have a high level of confidence in its stability and security.
For example:
According to the IPv6 protocol, each device on a local network has its own public IP address. This means that your computer can directly establish peer-to-peer (P2P) connections without relying on an intermediate server. If you are in an IPv6 environment, here’s what you could do:
1. Use the `ifconfig` (Unix-based systems) command to display your local IPv6 address: 2607:f8b0:4000:802::200e
2. Map the AAAA record of your domain name (e.g., http://example.com) to this IPv6 address.
3. Then, any computer worldwide that supports IPv6 can access your local web server on port 80 via http://example.com.
This essentially means that every user's machine can become a public-facing server at any time. While this aligns with the original vision of the Internet, it poses significant challenges for current policy enforcement and cloud service providers. It's important to note that in China, public IPv4 addresses are only available to companies, and they require registration and approval. Individuals are generally not allowed to obtain public IP addresses. Some home networks even restrict port 80 and cannot function as DNS servers.
The domestic education network's IPv6 deployment is more like a large internal network, and not all websites are accessible. Additionally, support for IPv6 features is still incomplete.
Currently, some regions have begun allocating IPv6 addresses, and it's possible to test them if conditions allow.
Therefore, in the near future, it is highly unlikely that IPv6 will achieve widespread commercial use in China within the next five years.
Regarding the Great Firewall (GFW), one reason why the IPv6 network is gaining popularity in China is that the GFW does not yet effectively block IPv6 traffic. For instance, users on the China Education Network who have IPv6 addresses and use operating systems that support IPv6 (such as macOS, Windows Vista or later) can search for sensitive content on IPv6 versions of services like Google (ipv6.google.com) without being blocked. This has made IPv6 an attractive alternative for those seeking more open access. As a result, China’s backbone network may increasingly adopt IPv6, but the GFW would need to be updated to handle IPv6 traffic effectively.
**IPv4 and IPv6 and the GFW**
IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numbers, typically represented in four decimal numbers separated by dots. To provide flexibility for different network sizes, IP designers divided the address space into classes, each with different ranges and purposes.
**Class A Addresses:**
- First octet is the network part, the remaining three are host addresses.
- Range: 1.0.0.1 – 126.255.255.254
- Private range: 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
- Reserved range: 127.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255 (used for loopback testing)
**Class B Addresses:**
- First two octets are network, last two are host.
- Range: 128.0.0.1 – 191.255.255.254
- Private range: 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
- Reserved range: 169.254.0.0 – 169.254.255.255 (used when no DHCP server is found)
**Class C Addresses:**
- First three octets are network, last is host.
- Range: 192.0.0.1 – 223.255.255.254
- Private range: 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
**Class D Addresses:**
- Used for multicasting.
- Range: 224.0.0.1 – 239.255.255.254
**Class E Addresses:**
- Reserved for future use.
- Range: 240.0.0.1 – 255.255.255.254
IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long. They are typically written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons, such as 3ffe:3201:1401:1:280:c8ff:fe4d:db39.
Currently, the IANA has delegated IPv6 address allocation to three regional organizations:
- **RIPE-NCC** in Europe
- **IANA (INTERNIC)** in North America
- **APNIC** in the Asia-Pacific region
Note: Africa currently doesn’t have a dedicated organization for IPv6 allocation.
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